Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a prevalent neurological condition characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs.
Symptoms of Restless Legs Syndrome
The primary symptom is a compelling need to move your legs. This is often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations in the feet, calves, and thighs, resembling crawling or creeping feelings. These sensations typically worsen in the evening or at night. In some instances, the arms may also be involved.
RLS is further linked to involuntary leg and arm jerking, termed periodic limb movements (PLM). The frequency and severity of symptoms vary; some experience them sporadically, while others endure them daily, ranging from mild to severe. In extreme cases, RLS can cause significant distress and interfere with daily life.
Causes of Restless Legs Syndrome
Often, the exact cause of RLS is unknown, referred to as idiopathic or primary RLS, which may be hereditary. Some experts suggest it might relate to how the body processes dopamine, a chemical crucial for muscle movement, which could explain the involuntary movements seen in RLS.
Secondary RLS can stem from underlying health issues like iron deficiency anaemia or kidney failure. Additionally, about 20% of pregnant women experience RLS symptoms in the final trimester, though the reasons remain unclear. Typically, RLS subsides post-pregnancy.
Treating Restless Legs Syndrome
Treatment for mild RLS may simply involve lifestyle adjustments, such as sleep hygiene practices, smoking cessation, and regular daytime exercise. Or even a foot massager or leg massager. More severe cases might require medication to manage dopamine and iron levels. If RLS is linked to iron deficiency anaemia, iron supplements could alleviate symptoms.
Who is Affected?
RLS can affect anyone, but it’s twice as common in women and more prevalent in middle-aged individuals. However, it can appear at any age, including childhood.
Outlook
While RLS symptoms can diminish if an underlying cause is identified and treated, idiopathic cases may worsen over time, potentially leading to insomnia, anxiety, and depression. Although not life-threatening, severe RLS can significantly impact quality of life.
For further information and support, the charity Restless Leg Syndrome UK (RLS-UK) is a valuable resource.
